Sloboda štampe, to je jedna od najvrijednijih tekovina modernog doba, međutim, od kada se u ime slobode štampe mogu pisati ovakve blatantne laži (i gluposti) koje očigledno imaju samo za zadatak uznemiravati neupućene?
Ovo ne samo da nisu tačne informacije nego su i sročene tako da izazovu maksimalnu paniku kod lakovjernih ljudi koji ne provijeravaju ili ne mogu provjeravati svoje informacije.
Naravno sloboda štampe je nešto što se ne smije zanemariti i ovi tvz "novinari" imaju pravo pisati svakojake baljezgarije, međutim sloboda štampe je dvosjekli mač pa stoga imam i ja pravo da ih napadam. Pročitajte ova dva članka:
Freedom of press is one of the most important heritages of the modern age but from when, in the name of freedom of press the journalists are allowed to write this kind of garbage meant only to mislead (lie) and upset the readers.
Not only that those information are lies but are drafted in such way to cause a distress in uninformed reader (whom will or can not check the sources), fear-mongering at its best.
Of course, freedom of press is not in question, and so all those jerks can write whatever they want but so can I also and expose them as liars as they are. Unfortunately for my English readers those articles are in my native language (Serbocroatian) but I will translate the headlines and that should be enough to see what kind of garbage is presented as news.
(It talks about 3 days of darkness in December which will happen due to some solar flares and even quotes some NASA officials whom allegedly confirm that)
Ovo je sramota za novinarski poziv do te mjere da su i sami autori svijesni toga i potpisuju članak imenom portala.
Na ovom portalu (odakle potiču ovi članci) ima dosta sličnih članaka sa još bombastičnijim i obmanjujućim naslovima, čitav portal vrvi od toga, od svakodnevnih vijesti preko politike i vijesti iz medicine (uglavnom pseudonaučni mumbojumbo poput orogona, liječenja kristalima itd) pa do naučnih vijesti (koje mene lično interesuju). Sve su krcate polu istina, neistina, pogrešno predstavljenih činjenica i sve to je upakovano u tekst sročen tako da zvuči što je moguće prijeteći.
Ovakav trend novinarstva je sve češći po našim novinama i web portalima (kad kažem naše mislim na sve koje koriste srpskohrvatski jezik).
Da mi je znati đe im se dene novinarski integritet u kojeg se svi stalno kunu.
This is an utter shame for journalists profession and even authors are aware of that as they didn't sign those articles and used the name of the site instead.
On this site you can find a lot of such articles, unsigned, covering all possible topics, from politics, environment, news, medicine (mostly pseudo-scientific nonsense) and "science" news (in which I'm mostly interested), all of them written in misleading, bombastic and fear-mongering way.
I can see this kind of trash journalism expanding everywhere, it is becoming a menace to quality information and real news are all more difficult to find because this trash is clogging the net.
I wonder where did disappeared the journalist integrity in which all of them are so eager to proclaim on them selves.
Daklen, datum je konačno objavljen, 12. Novembra 2014 Svijet će posmatrati prvo kontrolisano spuštanje ljudske tehnologije na neku kometu (67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko). Misina Rosetta se približava kulminaciji, poslje skoro 10 godina navigacije kroz Sunčev Sistem.
So the date is set on 12th November 2014 the world will witness the first historic landing on a comet (67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko). Rosetta Mission is getting to its culmination, after 10 years of space travel through our Solar system.
Sonda je lansirana 2. Marta 2004 godine iz Francuske Guaiane raketom Ariane 5 i predatavlja najambiciozniji projekat ESA-e (Evropska Svemirska Agencija) do danas. Sonda je putovala 10 godina i u međuvremenu posjetila nekoliko objekata Sunčevog Sistema. Tri puta je prolijetala pokraj Zemlje, jedanput pokraj Marsa te pored asteroida 2867 Šteins i asteroida 21 Lutetia, tokom svih prolasaka je poslala čitav niz slika od kojih se mnoge mogu vidjeti na idućem linku.
The probe was launched on 2nd March 2004 from French Guinea on-board rocket Ariane 5 and it is the most ambitious project of ESA (European Space Agency) to date. The probe has traveled for 10 years and made few flyby near many Solar System worlds. Three times have passed near Earth, one time near Mars and near 2 asteroids, 2867 Šteins and 21 Lutetia. Many pictures have been taken during those flybys, some of which can be found in the link below.
Pomenutog 12. Novembra sa sonde će se odvojiti lander nazvan Philae i spustiti na kometu. Odnosno pravilnije je reći da će obaviti dokovanje jer je gravitacija komete preslaba da se obavi klasično spuštanje. Lander će prići kometi i zatim se bukvalno usidriti na površini jer u protivnom bi jednostavno odskočila nazad u svemir.
On mentioned date 12th November 2014 a on-board lander named Philae will detach it self and land on the surface of the comet. Well it will be more like a docking as gravity of the comet is to week to actually count as landing, the lander will approach the surface and than anchor it self on it or better, pin it self on it, otherwise if it attempts classical landing it would just bounce off the surface and float out in to Space.
Zašto je ova cijela misija urađena / Why this mission was undertaken
Mislim da gore urađeni kratki film dobro opisuje razlog iza ove misije. U pitanju nije samo istraživanje i nauka već i pomijeranje granica mogućeg. Novi izazovi i novi horizonti spoznaje. Osnovna misija ovog projekta je da istraži sastav komete i odgovori na pitanje odakle voda na Zemlji. Mnogi naučnici smatraju da je sva voda u našim oceanima i rijekama u stvari porijeklom iz svemira, donesena ovdje padom kometa i asteroida tokom turbilentne prapovijesti dok je naš svijet još bila mlada i beživotna gomila kamenja u dobu kada je Sunčev Sistem nastajao prije više od 4 milijarde godina. Philae lander će ispitati vodu na kometi, njen tačni sastav i odnose među izotopima u molekulima vode i ako odgovara sastavu vode na našoj planeti ona će to biti dokaz odakle naša voda potiče.
I think the above short film captures exactly the spirit of this mission. It is not only science and research but also the spirit of exploration, the thing that we can actually do it in this age in time, moving the borders of what we can do, opening of new horizons. But let me explain the actual mission without romanticism's. The mission goal is to determinate the composition of the comet, especially the composition of water in it, the exact ratios of isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen in it. Today many scientists theorize that all the water on our planet comes from Space, brought here by comets and asteroids long time ago when our planet was young lump of rock, just formed after formation of Sun and Solar system, 4 billion years ago. if those ratios measured on the comet are similar to same ratios found in water on Earth than we will have a clear evidence that our water is actually from space.
Međutim sama misija je i simbol ljudske znatiželje i kao takva prevazilazi osnovnu funkciju. Postavlja nove granice mogućeg i otvara nove horizonte.
But at the same time this mission is a symbol of our curiosity and ambition. It draws new limits for our intellect to cross at some future point.
Ovo me na kraju vraće na kratki film sa početka članka, nastao u kooperaciji ESA-e i Platige studija (glumci: Aiden Gillen (Game of Thrones) i Aisling Francios (BBC The Fall)) koji opisuje to naše stremljenje ka spoznaji i pomjeranju granica mogućeg. Sam film je prikaz jedne ne tako daleke budućnosti, budućnosti u kojoj je nanotehnologija i spoj mašine i tjela stvar svakodnevnice, a sama Rosetta Misija tek dijelom povijeti. Ono što vidimo u filmu je prikaz kontrolisanja materije preko nanomašina i odnos između učitelja i učenice. A ono što učitelj uči učenicu je je teraformiranje odnosno proces pretvaranja beživotne planete u planetu sličnoj Zemlji uz pomoć vode sa kometa.
Lets return back to the short film from the start of the article. It is a collaboration between ESA and Platige studio with two excellent actors: Aiden Gillen (Game of Thrones) and Aisling Francios (BBC The Fall). It represents our aspirations from the perspective of a teacher and pupil set in a not so far away future in which nano-tech and mind-machine interface is norm of the day and Rosetta mission is part of the history used by the teacher as a teaching tool. We see matter manipulation through nanotechnology as part of an mundane event as teaching. The amazing thing is that the lesson is about terraforming a process to transform a lifeless planet in to one like Earth using water from comets.
Nama ovaj film više izgleda kao prikaz magije dok akteri polagano plešu, a svijet se oko njih radikalno mjenja. Međutim to što vidimo je jedan od mogućih efekata napredne nanotehnologije, upotrebe i izrade majušnih mašina, nevidljivih golim okom, čitavih rojeva i danas više ne predstavlja nešto što bi smo smatrali nemogućim.
Artur C. Klark je svojevremeno rekao "Svaka napredna tehnologija je nerazlučiva od magije" i ništa bolje ne opisuje nanotehnologiju od te rečenice.
To us this movie looks like a display of magic as actors preform their small dance changing the shape of the landscape. But this actually represent one of possible outcomes of an emerging technology which will change this world forever, the nanotechnology, ability to manufacture and control machines which are invisible to the naked eye, entire swarms of those.
Artur C. Clarke once said "Sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic." Nothing is more true than this sentence regarding nanotechnology.
Na kraju da se vratim na samu misiju Rosette, želim im pun uspijeh i vjetar u leđa i svi čekamo taj istorijski 12 Novembar 2014. Mislim da će biti i neki direktni prenosi, međutim trenutno ne vidim ništa najavljeno i postaviti ću poseban članak o tome kada dođe vrijeme.
At the end, lets return back to the Rosetta mission, I wish them all the best and full success of the mission. I think that this event will be covered by some real-time press coverage but until now I couldn't find any planed. Anyway I will make a new article about it when time comes.
Da ne duljim, namjeravam postaviti nekoliko linkova koji će pratiti ovaj događaj direktno, zajedno sa komentarima stručnjaka.
Prvo, direktno praćenje preko Youtube LIVE:
This article will be short, about tomorrows close approach of Siding Spring to Mars, about which I did write on this blog previously. Here they are, all links (I could find) which will cover this event as it unfolds:
Na kraju puno sreće i vjetar u leđa našim robotskim izaslanicima oko planete Mars.
Samo da pomenem sve nacije koje su poslale svoje svemirske sonde tamo:
SAD sa NASA
Evropa sa ESA
Indija sa ISRO
Godspeed to all our robot emissaries around Mars
Just to remind you of all nations who have space probes there
Ono čega se WHO najviše bojao se upravo događa. Naime ebola je izašla iz Afrike i krenula u svijet. Na svu sreću svi slučajevi su na vrijeme locirani i stavljeni pod karantin i data im je lječnička pomoć.
The worst WHO fears have come to pass. Ebola have stepped out of Africa via uncontrolled means. Fortunately all cases were located and isolated and under medical care. All people who came in contact with them have been quarantined.
Potvrđeni slučajevi / Confirmed cases
USA
Do sada su zabilježena dva slučaja Ebole, obadva u Dallasu, Teksas. Prvi slučaj je na žalost završio fatalno i radilo se o putniku iz Zapadne Afrike koji nije pokazivao znake bolesti tokom putovanja već se razbolio nekoliko dana po dolasku u USA. Sve osobe koje su došle u kontakt sa njim su stavljene pod karantin. Na žalost bolesnik je preminuo nekoliko dana poslje. Drugi slučaj je medicinski radnik koji je radio oko ovog bolesnika. Međutim važno je napomenuti da je on preliminarno testiran i taj test je bio pozitivan, kako napominju zvaničnici iz CDC, potrebno je ponoviti testove da bi se sa sigurnošću znalo. Osoba je takođe stavljena u karantin.
Up to now two cases of Ebola have been found in US. First case is a man whom traveled from West Africa to US for family visit. He wasn't sick during the travel but developed the illness after he arrived in US. Unfortunately he died few days later. All people who came in to contact with him have been quarantined. Second case is still unclear. A health worker working on this patient have been tested positive to virus. Still, this is a preliminary result and more testing is needed, in the mean time the person is under quarantine and observation.
Takođe u SAD zabilježeno je i nekoliko lažnih uzbuna. S druge strane SAD je postrožio svoje mjere na graničnim prelazima, pogotovu na aerodromima prema putnicima koji dolaze iz Afrike. Ispitivanja i mjerenje temperature su sada obavezni za te putnike.
Also worth to note is that there were few false alarms around US which have been dismissed later. Also the US authorities have stepped up the border control especially on airports targeting mostly travelers from Africa. The temperature measurements and questioning are now part of the routine checking of those passengers. http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2014/10/12/ebola/z3DybKoXBg0XjPO6m5yVgK/story.html
Španija / Spain
Medicinska sestra, koja je pomagala misionaru koji je obolio u Africi i prebačen u Španiju na liječenje i koji je na žalost preminuo, je takođe postala zaražena, prema njenim riječima svojom pogreškom tokom manipulacije zaraženom opremom. Njeno stanje se prema riječima tamošnjih dužnosnika popravlja. Takođe sve osobe koje su došle u kontakt sa njom su stavljene u karantin i prismotru. Jedina žrtva za sada u vezi sa ovom medicinskom sestrom je njen pas kojeg su vlasti eutanizirale na protest okolnih društava za zaštitu životinja. S druge strane eutanaziranje je možda bilo preuranjeno, vlasti su možda trebale zadržati ovog psa kao vrijedan izvor informacija o tome kako se Ebola ponaša kod drugih životinja pogotovu kućnih ljubimaca (psi i mačke), s obzirom da o tome vrlo malo znamo.
A nurse fell ill in Spain after she contracted the disease during her work caring for a missionary whom contracted Ebola in Africa during his work helping people there. The missionary unfortunately died in Spain after he was transferred from Africa for medical care. The nurse contracted the disease because she made an error during manipulation with infected equipment. All persons who came in contact with here were put under observation and quarantine. As Spanish official announced the nurses health is improving at the moment. Her dog on the other hand was euthanized by authorities under protest from many animal rights organisations (PETA and such). On the other hand this euthanization might be a mistake as we know very little about how this disease is spread among other animals, especially pets. This dog could have brought some knowledge about this. http://news.yahoo.com/first-outside-africa-nurse-spain-hospital-contracts-ebola-174043185.html
Potvrđeni slučajevi koji su kontrolirano prebačeni iz Afrike u svoje matične zemlje zbog liječenja / Confirmed cases of Ebola outside Africa whom have been transported in their countries for medical attention under controlled environment.
Nju Jork Times iznosi podatak da za sada takvih kontroliranih slučajeva ima 13 od kojih je dvoje umrlo, 6 ih je još pod medicinskom brigom a 6 ih se oporavilo. U ovo nisu uračunati gore pomenuti slučajevi.
Lažne uzbune i pojačane mjere opreza / False alarms and increased control measures
Posljednjih dana je bilo dosta lažnih uzbuna po ovom pitanju pa ću samo pomenuti nama najbliže i one najveće u svjetu.
Makedonia: Jedna osoba, engleski državljanjin je naglo oboljela u svojoj hotelskoj sobi, prebačen je u bolnicu gdje je preminuo od unutarnjeg krvarenja. Kasniji nalazi su potvrdili da osoba nije bolovala od ebole niti od drugih vrsta hemoralgičnih groznca.
Crna Gora: Dvije osobe, putnici iz Nigerije su zadržane na areodromu Podgorica u trajanju oko 1 sat (zbog ispitivanja ali na žalost sa malo uspijeha jer ispitivači nisu znali Engleski) i kasnije pušteni uz obavezne kontrole svaki dan dok su se nalazili u Crnoj Gori.
Hrvatska i Srbija: U obije države su pojačane mjere kontrole putnika koji dolaze iz zaraženih zona. U Hrvatskoj se trenutno nalazi 18 osoba pod medicinskom prismotrom koje su došle iz Nigerije i Liberije. U Srbiji se nalazi trenutno oko 720 ljudi pod sličnom prismotrom.
Albanija: Postoje neke vrlo nepotvrđene informacije da su u Albaniji zaustavili emigrante od kojih su neki pokazivali simptome bolesti. Međutim ove informacije su čini se samo izmišljotina. Sve ovo se navodno desilo još negdje u Avgustu.
Last days were full of false alarms in many places, because there are a lot of them i will just cover the closest ones to my country.
Macedonia: An Englishman died in a hospital after he fell ill in his hotel room. The death was caused from massive internal bleeding which made medical personal there suspect the Ebola virus. Fortunately later was confirmed that it was not a case.
Montenegro: Two persons traveling from Nigeria were stopped in Podgorica airport and placed in quarantine zone for one hour for questioning (which proved difficult as none of interrogators knew English). Later the travelers were set free under condition to report every day to the medical authorities during their stay in Montenegro.
Albania: A rumor surfaced that Albanian police have stopped 40 immigrants from Africa some of which showed symptoms of Ebola. Those rumors were almost certainly not true. Anyways this alleged event had taken place in August.
Nije za uzgred ponoviti! kako se prenosi Ebola. / Lets go over it again! How Ebola is transmitted.
Ebola se prenosi direktnim kontaktom sa inficiranim tjelesnim tečnostima (krv, mokraća, slina, plazma, mljeko, sperma, izmet, gnjoj) preko sluznica ili kroz otvorene povrede. Bolest ne može proći kroz kožu i mora doći u dodir sa sluznicama (kroz usta ili seksualnim kontaktom) ili ranicama. Takođe prenosi se i preko zaraženih predmeta poput nesteriliziranih medicinskih pomagala, ćebadi, odjeće i sličnog, opet samo kroz sluznice ili otvorene ranice. Postoji sumlja i da se može prenjeti preko aerosola sline kroz kihanje i kašljanje ali takvi slučajevi nikada nisu dokumentirani i najvjerovatnije su malo su vjerovatni.
Ebola is transmitted through direct contact with infected bodily fluids (blood, sperm, plasma, milk, urine, feces, pus, saliva) through mucous and open wounds. The virus can not pas through healthy skin and must came in contact with open wound and mucous (through mouth or during sexual contact). Also it can be transmitted through infected items such unclean medical equipment, blankets or clothing. There is a concern that it can be transmitted through aerosol of infected saliva but it was never observed and it is a very low chance if even possible.
Inkubacija traje do 22 dana ali se može javiti i poslje samo nekoliko dana od zaraze.
Incubation lasts up to 22 days but the onset could happen only few days after infection.
Bolesnik je zarazan tek kada se bolest pojavi simptomima, dok je bolest u inkubaciji bolesnik nije zarazan, barem ne u normalnim uslovima življenja i kontakata. Leš umrle osobe od ove bolesti je jako zarazan i veoma opasan za manipuliranje. Osoba koja je preležala bolest nije zarazna u normalnim uslovima življenja i kontakata, međutim virus se može zadržati u spermi muškarca više mjeseci tako da se preporučuje seksualna apstinencija u trajanju od bar 90 dana uz obavezne kontrole da bi se odredila preostala količina virusa do potpunog nestanka istog.
The patient is contagious only during symptoms phase, during the illness onset and duration. During the incubation patient is not contagious during normal circumstances of life and contacts. The corpse of a person whom died from this illness is highly contagious and very dangerous and should be handled with utmost care and preferably by expert professionals. The person whom survived the illness and does not present any symptoms any more is not contagious under normal circumstances of life. But it was found that the virus can be present in sperm of male survivors for months. It is advised to restrain from sexual contacts for at least 90 days after the infection end, and to control the level of virus via medical exams until person is declared virus free.
Osoba koja je preležala Ebolu je imuna iako se ne zna koliko ta imunost traje. Do sada nisu zabilježeni slučajevi da je preležala osoba bila ponovo zaražena.
Person whom survived the outbreak is immune but it is unknown for how long. Up untill now there were no reported cases of person getting reinfected with the disease. Prevencija / Prevention
Održavati ličnu higijenu na visokom nivou, obavezno pranje ruku i cijelog tijela ukoliko se dođe u kontakt sa oboljelom osobom, svaki put kad do toga dođe. Pregledati svoje tijelo dali postoje otvorene ranice ili oštećenja i propisno ih dezinficirati i zaštititi hanzaplastom ili nekim drugim nepropusnim materijalom. Održavati čistoću u kući i na radnom mjestu upotrebom dezinficirajućih sredstava poput tečnosti za pranje prozora, varikinom i slično. Ovo je pogotovu važno ukoliko se došlo u kontakt sa zaraženom osobom i tada je dezinfekcija obavezna.
Maintaining personal hygiene all the time, washing hands and whole body especially if you come in contact with infected person. Check your body for any open wounds or damage and disinfect those places on skin and cover them with bandaid or some other waterproof aid. Maintain cleanliness in the household and in work place using disinfectant liquids and detergents.
Ukoliko se radi oko osobe koja je zaražena (pomaganje ili asistencija u lječenju bolesnika), a nema se propisna hazmat oprema, propisno zaštititi usta i disajne puteve maskom, oči nekim zaštitnim plastičnim radnim naočarima, upotrebljavati gumene rukavice i obući dugi vodonepropusni mantil čiji su otvori zatvoreni nekim nepropusnim selotejpom, Odjeću i posteljinu za koju se sumlja da je zaražena treba spaliti, naravno oprezno da se ne bi izazvao požar.
In case you need to take care of unfortunate victim of infection and you don't have appropriate hazmat suit, use any means to protect your mouth and nose (using makeshift mask soaked in disinfectant), protect hands with rubber gloves, protect eyes with protective eye-gear and ware a long raincoat fastened with belt and sealed off with adhesive tape. All clothing and bedding suspected to be infected just burn in controlled manner to avoid uncontrolled fire.
Vakcine i lijek / Vaccines and cure
Trenutno ne postoji lijek protiv ove bolesti, međutim postoji nekoliko modela liječenja koji daju rezultate koji obećavaju i koji obuhvataju neke novo razvijene antiviralne ljekove i simptomatsku medicinu.
At the moment there is no cure for this illness. Some promising treatments exist involving newly developed antiviral drugs and via symptomatic medicine, but all of those are highly experimental.
Vakcina se ubrzano razvija i već su počeli testovi na ljudima u pogođenim djelovima svijeta. Međutim očekuje se masovna primjena iste tek za oko 6 mjeseci kada testiranje na ljudima donese rezultate i ukoliko se pokaže efikasnom.
Vaccine is under fast development and already is been tested in the field in affected areas of the World. In any case the vaccine should be available for mass production in about 6 months if those tests in field come back positive. Linkovi / Links
19. Oktobra ove godine dogoditi će se izuzetno rijedak slučaj, blizak susret jedne planete i komete. Naime kometa imena Siding Spring (u prevodu Prišuljajuće Proljeće) C/2013 A1 će proći vrlo blizu planete Mars, na samo oko 139500 Km što je otprilike jedna trećina udaljenosti Zemlje od Mjeseca.
On October 19th a comet named Siding Spring (C/2013 A1) will approach very close to planet Mars. It will pass merely 139500 Km (86680 Miles) from the surface of that planet, that is a mere 1/3 of a distance measured from Earth to the Moon.
Događaji ove vrste su relativno rijetki i predstavljaju pravu priliku za istraživače. Komet je otkriven prije otprilike godinu dana sa australske opservatorije Siding Spring, po kojoj je komet i dobio ime. U početku otkriće je donijelo dosta uzbuđenja u krugovima astronoma planetologa jer su proračuni pokazivali da bi kometa mogla pasti na Mars. Međutim, kasnije kada se skupilo dovoljno podataka o kretanju ove komete proračuni su pokazali da od sudara nema ništa i da će komet proći tek jako blizu planete.
Events like this are rare and are a gold mine of data for all sorts of astronomers. Comet was discovered from Siding Spring observatory in Australia, about a year ago and immediately after its discovery it jolted the science community as preliminary calculation results showed that it might hit the planet (Mars). Later, when more data was available it was obvious that comet will just pass very near the planet and hype flattened a bit.
Ipak i pored određenog razočarenja u tim krugovima (što će biti uskraćeni za spektakl sudara svjetova) uzbuđenje oko ovog događaja je veliko. Naime postoji cijela flota svemirskih letjelica i robota oko planete Mars koje će iz bliza posmatrati ovaj događaj.
After initial "disappointment" it was immediately clear that this event is unique opportunity to observe the comet as it happens that we Earthlings have entire fleet of spacecrafts around the planet Mars and on surface robots, all of them awaiting for this event to unfold.
Ovo je lista te flote letjelica / This is a list of all those spacecrafts and robots:
Što bi se desilo da se desilo / What would happen if it happened
Veličina jezgre ove komete je oko 700 m i ovo predstavlja dosta veliki komad leda i kamenja. Jezgra bi se raspala po ulasku u atmosferu ali bi ipak oslobodila dovoljno energije da napravi krater (rupu) 6 km široku. Eksplodirala bi snagom oko 2,6 miliona atomskih bombi bačenih na Hirošimu. Ovakav obijekat nema dovoljno energije da izazive globalno izumiranje kao kada su izumrli dinosaurusi ali ima dovoljno energije da uništi čitave države i stvori naglo zahladnjenje po svijetu zbog odbačene prašine u atmosferu, stvarajući efekat sličan nuklearnoj zimi koja bi trajala nekoliko godina.
The size of nucleus of this comet is estimated to be about 700 meters (about 2297 ft) which is a big chunk of ice and rock. If a chunk of this size ever enters in our atmosphere it would initially brake apart but still explode in a fireball with energy of 2.6 millions atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima. Comet of this size does not have enough energy to cause a global extinction like that one which wiped out dinosaurs but still will do a vast amount of damage, wiping out entire countries, making a crater 6 km wide (3.7 Miles) and reducing global temperature several degrees for few years, causing a similar effect as a nuclear winter.
Posljedice ovog prolaska po nas / The consequences of this event for us
Apsolutno nikakve. Nama na Zemlji se ništa ne može desiti. Mars je veoma daleko pa čak i da kometa padne na njega, kod nas na Zemlji se to ne bi ni primjetilo osim najvećim teleskopima. S druge strane sve svemirske letjelice oko Marsa su u opsnosti da budu oštećenje prašinom i komadićima meteorita koji otpadaju sa komete kako se ona približava Suncu i postaje sve aktivnija. Zbog toga, svemirske agencije (poput NASA-e) su odlučile da skrenu svoje aparate na pogodnije orbite tako da budu što manje pogođenje efektima prolaska ove komete.
Absolutely none. The effect on Earth will be non existent. Even if the comet hits the planet we wouldn't even notice it (except with most powerful telescopes). Mars is to far away to affect us in any way. On the other hand all our spacecrafts around mars are in danger to be damaged by dust and debris from passing comet. Because of that space agencies like NASA have decided to put all spacecrafts in more adequate orbits to reduce this kind of damage to minimum, even hiding behind planet Mars.
Oleandar je zimzeleni drvenasti grm, velikih cvijetova raspoređenih u razuđene cvasti, listovi su duguljasti i kožasti sa tvrdom kutikulom. Izuzetno otporna biljka koja se odvajkada sadi zbog ljepote svojih cvjetova. Cvjetovi su veliki sa pet latica i dolaze u skoro svim bojama, šarama i oblicima pošto je ova biljka godinama uzgajana kao ukrasna i stvoreno je more različitih sorti. Najčešće boje su ružičasta, bjela, narandžasta, ljubičasta, žuta, crvena i jako rijetko plava. Postoje i višebojne sorte kao i tip uzgajanja gdje se stvaraju grmovi koji imaju više boja na jednom deblu kroz kalemljenje. Biljka se veoma jednostavno razmnožava običnim reznicama i izuzetno se lako kalemi sa sorte na sortu.
Oleander is a evergreen shrub or small tree with long, narrow and leathery leafs. The flowers are big, lush, bright colored, which grow in big lose blossoms. it is robust plant growing in sunny and dry places. Thanks to artificial selection the flowers come in many sizes and colors: white, pink, purple, red and even rarely blue. Multicolored varieties exist also and even multicolored shrubs made by grafting different varieties on same trunk. The plant can be easily reproduced using just cuttings in soil.
Porijeklo biljke je nepoznato jer se uzgaja od davnina kao ukrasna biljka pa se milenijumima proširila svugdje po Evroaziji. Prema nekim arheološkim nalazima smatra se da je biljka potekla negdje iz Sjeverozapadne Afrike, vjerovatno iz Maroka. Sama biljka voli suha i sunčana mjesta ali mjesta na kojima je ipak dostupna određena količina vlage tako da ju je dosta rijetko naći u samim pustinjama iako i tamo relativno dobro uspijeva. Trenutno najviše je ima oko Mediterana, Bliski Istok, Indija a od nedavno izuzetno je popularna i u novom svjetu Sjeverna i Južna Amerika i Australija.
The native region of plant is unknown as it is used for millenia as ornamental plant and have spread all over the world. It is theorized that the original homeland of this plant is Northwest Africa, mainly Morocco but now it can be find wild in many areas in the world, mostly around Mediterranean, Middle East, India and from recently in the new world, North and South America and Australia. The plant likes sunny places and can thrive in dry areas even deserts but there is found sporadically.
Otrovnost / Poisons
Cjela biljka je izuzetno otrovna a najveći dio otrovnosti potiče od oleandrina jedinjenja iz grupe kardioglukozida. Simptomi trovanja su mučnina i povraćanje, proliv, excesivno slinenje ili balenje, srčana aritmija i stomačni bolovi.
The entire plant is highly poisonous and most of its toxicity comes fromoleandrin a cardiac glycoside. The symptoms are nausea, excessive salivating, heart problems, vomiting, stomach ache and diarrhea.
Međutim i pored svoje otrovnosti biljka je relativno bezopasna ako se sa njom rukuje oprezno jer toksin utiče na tijelo samo ako je unesen direktno oralno ili intravenski. Sama aktivna supstanca oleandrin je relativno stabilno jedinjenje koje je u čistom stanju čvrsti kristal koji se topi tek na 250 stepeni celzijusa i ne absorbira se kroz kožu tako da ne postoji opasnost od trovanja prilikom direktnog manipuliranja (međutim savijet je oprati ruke poslje rada sa biljkom).
But contrary to the high toxicity of oleandrine the plant it self pose a little threat if it is handled with care. The poison is toxic only if ingested or given intravenously, can not affect a person through skin and it is difficult to become airborne ans the compound is a solid with melting point over 250 degree Celsius (482 F). Still it is highly advisable to wash hands after manipulating the plant.
Oleandrin (kao dio ekstrakta biljke) se uglavnom koristi u narodnoj medicini kod mnogih problema iako je njegova primjena izuzetno opsna. Postoje neke naznake da bi ovo jedinjenje moglo naći primjenu u standardnoj medicini, kod nekih srčanih problema a postoje i naznake da ima i dejstvuje protiv raka. Ova potonja su zanimljiva jer izgleda da ovo jedinjenje povećava senzitivnost tumora na radioterapiju, osnosno da zračenje bolje djeluje na tumorske ćelike pod dejstvom ovog jedinjenja. Važno je za napomenuti da su istraživanja u veoma ranoj fazi, direktno na ćelijama tumora u petrijevim šoljama. Ovo znači da olendrin još nije primjenjen ni na životinjama a ispitivanja na ljudima su još godinama daleko. Postoji opasnost da oleandrin može izazvati i radiosenzitivnost i na zdravim ćelijama što bi ga odmah eliminisalo kao potencijalni lijek, da ne govorimo o njegovoj normalnoj toksičnosti.
Oleandrine is mainly used in folk medicine (as extract or tincture) but it is dangerous practice which can result in adverse effects. In standard medicine olenadrine is tested for potential uses in some heart conditions and as anti-cancer drug. As anti-cancer drug it shows an interesting property as it makes cancerous cells susceptible to radiation making the radiation therapy more effective. But it us important to note that those results are highly preliminary not evolved out from petri-dish experiments with cancerous tissue. The experiments on animals did not yet began and human testings are years away. The problem is that oleandtine is highly toxic and there is a high probability that same radio sensitivity could affect healthy cells.
Zanimljivosti vezane za oleandar / Interesting facts about Oleander
Ekstrakt oleandra se od davnina koristi kao otrov izbora kod namijernih trovanja poput ubistava ili samoubistava. Zanimljivo je da je ekstrakt oleandra otrov izbora u pokušajima samoubistava na Šri Lanci, međutim samo 10% takvih pokušaja završava smrću.
Extract of oleander was used through history as a poison of choice as murder weapon or suicide drug. Interesting in Sri Lanka it is most used suicide poison but with low success rate (around 10% of attempts finish fatally)
Oleandar je izuzetno opasnan otrov za neke vrste životinja, pogotovu pse i mačke ali i stoku pogotovu konje koji vole da jedu izboje oleandra koji sadrže dosta šećera. Znimljivo je i to da nije previše otrovan za ptice i glodare (miševe i štakore). Ovo je zanimljivo s toga što se kroz vjekove često koristio kao otrov za miševe ali iz ovoga se vidi da ta primjena vjerovatno nije imala većeg efekta.
Oleander is also dangerous to some animals, especially cats and dogs but also for livestock like cows and horses. Horses are especially in danger due theirs sensitivity to oleandrine as they love to eat sweet young shoots of the plant. Interestingly enough the poison is not that effective on birds and rodents (like mice or rats). Oleander extract was used for centuries as rat poison but as research suggest, probably without much success.
Urbana legenda / Urban Legend.
Na mnogim mjestima u svjetu postoji priča o tome kako su kamperi otrovali sami sebe jedući hranu koju su ispekli ili roštiljali na drvetu dobivenom sa oleandra. Na žalost nema načina da se ove priče istraže na bilo koji način zbog sporadične pojave i manjka dokaza. Moj savjet je da kamperi ne koriste oleandar kao gorivo za roštilj, iako ne postoje dokazi da je ovo tačno bolje biti oprezan.
There is a urban legend going around about campers get poisoned with food cooked on fire burning on oleander sticks. Unfortunately there are no documented occurrences of this or any investigation which could confirm it. Anyways I advice against using oleander sticks as fuel for fire, as people say "better to worry than to be sorry".
Na kraju / Last thoughts about this
Ova biljka pored svoje toksičnosti nije previše opasna za rukovanje i ne predstavlja realnu opasnost. Ukoliko se rukuje sa njom oprezno, operu ruke poslje rada sa njom, ne upotrebljava kao gorivo i ne dozvoli se životinjama da jedu njene izdanke, ne postoji nikakva realna opasnost od nje i sasvim je dobar dodatak bilo kojem cvjetnom vrtu.
This plant is not overly dangerous despite its high toxicity. Some precautions must be taken during handling the plant, wash your hands after tending the oleander, do not allow livestock to eat the plant, do not use oleander wood for fuel and you should be reasonably safe. There is no reason why you shouldn't use it as an additional decoration in your flowering gardens.
Anđeoska Truba ili Đavoja Truba / Angel's trumpet or Brugmansia
Na našim prostorima od nedavno ova biljka postaje sve raširenija zbog ljepote i mirisa cvjetova, širokih listova koji stvaraju dobar hlad i zbog lakoće uzgajanja. Izuzetno je otporna biljka iako traži dosta sunca i vode da bi bila bujna. Takođe lako se i razmnožava prostim reznicama. Cvjeta kroz Avgust i Septembar, velike duguljaste cvjetove, bjele, žute ili ružičaste boje.
From recently this plant has become very popular in our gardens. It has a lush foliage (for deep shade), remarkable big long flowers with strong but pleasant smell. It is very resistant but needs a lot of Sun and water to achieve full very lush vegetation. It is flowering during months of August and September.
Burgmansia u divljini Burgmansia in wild
Ova biljka prirodno raste uglavnom u Južnoj Americi u tropskim oblastima, osobito gdje je vegetacija gusta ali se godinama odomaćila svugdje po svijetu, najčešće kao dekorativna biljka. Lokalno se koristi u narodnoj medicini kao sedativ i u religioznim ceremonijama zbog halucinogenih svojstava.
Natural habitat for this plant is in South America, in tropical regions like Brasil, Columbia or Venezuela but nowadays have spread all over the world as very popular ornamental plant. Locally is used in shaman or folk medicine as sedative and during some religious practices in local religions due its strong hallucinogenic properties.
Nepoznato mnogima ovo je ujedno i jedna od najotrovnijih biljaka u našoj okolini. Biljka sadrži mnoge vrlo otrovne alkaloide, najviše u sjemenu i lišću. Na primjer Scopolamin ili hyoscyamine. Trovanje izaziva audiovizualne halucinacije koje su češto košmarne prirode, raširene zjenice, konfuziju, paralizu glatkih mišića (poput dijafragme, odnosno zaustavlja disanje), probleme sa srčanim mišićem poput aritmije proliv i smrt. Takođe izaziva i amneziju, otrovani se često ničega ne sjeća dok je bio pod dejstvom otrova ove biljke.
Mahuna Pod
Sjemenke Seeds
Many people do not know but this is one of the most poisonous plants round. It contains many highly toxic alkaloids like Scopolamine or hyoscyamine especially in seeds and leafs. Symptoms of poisoning are severe and can lead to death, those symptoms include audio visual hallucinations usually nightmarish type, migraine, diarrhea, tachycardia, paralysis of smooth muscles like diaphragm (it stops breathing). Also it causes amnesia or blackout and affected person often do not remember anything from the time he or she was affected with those poisons.
Zanimljivost vezana za alkaloid skopolamin. / Some interesting facts about scopolamine
Skopolamin je jedan od najpoznatijih otrova u modernoj kulturi, često se pominje u filmovima i knjigama kriminalističkog ili špijunskog žanra kao serum istine. Malo poznato je da je stvarno korišten kontraobavještajnim akcijama, pogotovu tokom prve polovine 20 vijeka kao droga izbora za uspavljivanje žrtve, zbog osobine da se žrtva ničega ne sjeća, a rijeđe kao serum istine iako je ta primjena takođe zabilježena u mnogim kontraobavještajnim službama. Međutim danas se ova droga više nekoristi jer je previše opasna i trovanje veoma često završava fatalno što je kontraproduktivno u špijunaži.
Scopolamine is known as drug of choice in many movies, shows and books of crime and spy genre, specially by the name as truth serum. Little known is a fact that this drug was really used in counter intelligence and in real spying (first half of 20th century) due its effect to knock down the victim which subsequently do not remember the fact. There were some tries to use this drug as truth serum but that was sporadic and mostly unsuccessful. Afterwards the use of this drug was abandoned as it is very dangerous and often lethal.
Takođe ova droga se često koristi tokom kriminalnih radnji, pogotovu da bi se žrtva opljačkala, sipajući ovu drogu u piće ili na neki drugi način. Ovakve kriminalne radnje često završavaju smrtnim slučajem a ukoliko osoba preživi obično se ne sjeća kriminalnog čina. Postoje čak neprovjereni izvještaji da se ova droga koristi da bi se žrtva natijerala da sama počini neki zločin, poput ubistva upravo zbog efekta da se osoba ničega poslje ne sjeća. Međutim ovo zadnje je u domenu urbane legende.
It is known that this drug is used by criminals usually to spike a drink of a victim to rob them afterwards. Sometimes fatal this drug is a drug of choice for those felons because victim does not remember the fact afterwards. There is also an unconfirmed urban legend around that criminals use this drug to force somebody else to commit a crime (usually murder) and that the victim of this chemically induced mind-control does not remember anything. But this is unconfirmed by official sources and it is, as i said, in the domain of urban legend.
Zaključak / Conclusion
Da se opet vratim na ovu biljku, veoma je rizično držati ovu bilku u vrtu zbog mogućih neželjenih posljedica, ljudi bi trebali vagati moguću opasnost od slučajnog trovanja u odnosu na estetiku. Po meni bi uvijek trebali izabrati sigurnost. Zabilježeni su slučajevi trovanja samo udisanjem isparenja tokom vrućih ljetnjih dana ako se osoba nalazi blizu osobito bujne biljke. Takva trovanja su rijetko fatalna ali mogu izazvati dosta problema otrovanoj osobi jer se takva osoba iracionalno ponaša, može halucinirati ili se jednostavno onesvijestiti a u takvim uslovima povrede čak i ozbiljne su dosta česte.
To get back to this interesting plant, it is very risky to keep this plant for ornamental purposes, because there is always a risk of accidental poisoning. My opinion is that you should chose some other, less dangerous plant. There are known cases of poisoning just by inhaling poisonous fumes during hot Summer days if person happens to be to close to one of those lush plants. Those poisonings are rarely fatal but it can cause a mountain of problems to the victim due to irrational behavior, possible hallucinations or just plain fainting, all of which can cause injures.
Ovo je izuzetno lijepa ali i strahovito opasna biljka sa kojom se treba rukovati sa velikim oprezom.
This is a most beautiful but extremely dangerous plant and anybody who owns one should handle it with utmost care.
Kuba šalje 165 medicinskih radnika (doktora i medicinskih sestara) u zapadnu Afriku da pomognu kontroli ove epidemije. Ovo je do sada najveći kontigent medicinskih radnika poslat od jedne države. Kuba je poznata po tome da ima jak obrazovni sistem za medicinsko osoblje i uvijek su bili u prvim linijama tokom velikih nestreća po svijetu, šaljući svoje doktore gdje god je to bilo potrebno.
Cuba sends 165 medical workers to help combat the Ebola outbreak. This is to date largest contingent of medical professionals sent by one Country. Cuba is known for theirs state of the art medical schools and for their commitment to send and help in all disaster areas around the world.
SAD / USA
Tokom konferencije za štampu Bjele Kuće, američki presjednik Barak Obama je najavio slanje 3000 pripadnika njihovih oružanih snaga u Liberiju na čelu sa general majorom Darryl A. Williams-om. Mandat će se sastojati u stvaranju i održavanju zračnog mosta za dopremanje materijala i osoblja, obezbjeđenju istog te pomaganju okolnom području u borbi protiv ove epidemije, gradnjom poljskih bolnica (planirano je oko 1000 kreveta za početak) opremljenih jedinicama za izolaciju bolesnika.
During press conference in White House, American president Barack Obama has announced sending 3000 members of armed forces in to Liberia to combat the outbreak of Ebola. Commanding officer of this contingent will be Major General Darryl A. Williams and the mandate will be establishing an securing a air bridge to bring medical, logistics and personnel help in affected areas. The plan initially is to build new field hospitals with adequate isolation units for patients and helping the local government with theirs expertise in organizing and logistics.
Trenutno stanje / Current condition
Prema riječima WHO funkcionera, stanje u zapadnoj Africi se otima kontroli zbog nedostatka materijala i stručnog osoblja. Ponovo šalju poruku svim svijetskim vladama da pomognu u borbi protiv ove bolesti. Traže se osoblje i medicinski materijal. Procijene govore o tome da bi do kraja godine broj bolesnika mogao narasti i do 20000.
As announced by WHO officials the conditions in West Africa are spinning out of control because of severe lack of materials and especially of medical personal. They are sending a message to all countries of the world for help to combat this outbreak. The estimates are projecting that disease will infect more than 20000 people till the end of the year.
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