Opasne biljke u našim vrtovima 1 / Dangerous plants in our gardens 1st

Anđeoska Truba ili Đavoja Truba / Angel's trumpet or Brugmansia

Na našim prostorima od nedavno ova biljka postaje sve raširenija zbog ljepote i mirisa cvjetova, širokih listova koji stvaraju dobar hlad i zbog lakoće uzgajanja. Izuzetno je otporna biljka iako traži dosta sunca i vode da bi bila bujna. Takođe lako se i razmnožava prostim reznicama. Cvjeta kroz Avgust i Septembar, velike duguljaste cvjetove, bjele, žute ili ružičaste boje. 

From recently this plant has become very popular in our gardens. It has a lush foliage (for deep shade), remarkable big long flowers with strong but pleasant smell. It is very resistant but needs a lot of Sun and water to achieve full very lush vegetation. It is flowering during months of August and September.

Burgmansia u divljini
Burgmansia in wild

Ova biljka prirodno raste uglavnom u Južnoj Americi u tropskim oblastima, osobito gdje je vegetacija gusta ali se godinama odomaćila svugdje po svijetu, najčešće kao dekorativna biljka. Lokalno se koristi u narodnoj medicini kao sedativ i u religioznim ceremonijama zbog halucinogenih svojstava.

Natural habitat for this plant is in South America, in tropical regions like Brasil, Columbia or Venezuela but nowadays have spread all over the world as very popular ornamental plant. Locally is used in shaman or folk medicine as sedative and during some religious practices in local religions due its strong hallucinogenic properties. 

Nepoznato mnogima ovo je ujedno i jedna od najotrovnijih biljaka u našoj okolini. Biljka sadrži mnoge vrlo otrovne alkaloide, najviše u sjemenu i lišću. Na primjer Scopolamin ili hyoscyamine. Trovanje izaziva audiovizualne halucinacije koje su češto košmarne prirode, raširene zjenice, konfuziju, paralizu glatkih mišića (poput dijafragme, odnosno zaustavlja disanje), probleme sa srčanim mišićem poput aritmije proliv i smrt. Takođe izaziva i amneziju, otrovani se često ničega ne sjeća dok je bio pod dejstvom otrova ove biljke.

Mahuna
Pod

Sjemenke
Seeds

Many people do not know but this is one of the most poisonous plants round. It contains many highly toxic alkaloids like  Scopolamine or hyoscyamine especially in seeds and leafs. Symptoms of poisoning are severe and can lead to death, those symptoms include audio visual hallucinations usually nightmarish type, migraine, diarrhea, tachycardia, paralysis of smooth muscles like diaphragm (it stops breathing). Also it causes amnesia or blackout and affected person often do not remember anything from the time he or she was affected with those poisons.

Zanimljivost vezana za alkaloid skopolamin. / Some interesting facts about scopolamine

Skopolamin je jedan od najpoznatijih otrova u modernoj kulturi, često se pominje u filmovima i knjigama kriminalističkog ili špijunskog žanra kao serum istine. Malo poznato je da je stvarno korišten kontraobavještajnim akcijama, pogotovu tokom prve polovine 20 vijeka kao droga izbora za uspavljivanje žrtve, zbog osobine da se žrtva ničega ne sjeća, a rijeđe kao serum istine iako je ta primjena takođe zabilježena u mnogim kontraobavještajnim službama. Međutim danas se ova droga više nekoristi jer je previše opasna i trovanje veoma često završava fatalno što je kontraproduktivno u špijunaži.

Scopolamine is known as drug of choice in many movies, shows and books of crime and spy genre, specially by the name as truth serum. Little known is a fact that this drug was really used in counter intelligence and in real spying (first half of 20th century) due its effect to knock down the victim which subsequently do not remember the fact. There were some tries to use this drug as truth serum but that was sporadic and mostly unsuccessful. Afterwards the use of this drug was abandoned as it is very dangerous and often lethal.

Takođe ova droga se često koristi tokom kriminalnih radnji, pogotovu da bi se žrtva opljačkala, sipajući ovu drogu u piće ili na neki drugi način. Ovakve kriminalne radnje često završavaju smrtnim slučajem a ukoliko osoba preživi obično se ne sjeća kriminalnog čina. Postoje čak neprovjereni izvještaji da se ova droga koristi da bi se žrtva natijerala da sama počini neki zločin, poput ubistva upravo zbog efekta da se osoba ničega poslje ne sjeća. Međutim ovo zadnje je u domenu urbane legende.

It is known that this drug is used by criminals usually to spike a drink of a victim to rob them afterwards. Sometimes fatal this drug is a drug of choice for those felons because victim does not remember the fact afterwards. There is also an unconfirmed urban legend around that criminals use this drug to force somebody else to commit a crime (usually murder) and that the victim of this chemically induced mind-control does not remember anything. But this is unconfirmed by official sources and it is, as i said, in the domain of urban legend.

Zaključak / Conclusion

Da se opet vratim na ovu biljku, veoma je rizično držati ovu bilku u vrtu zbog mogućih neželjenih posljedica, ljudi bi trebali vagati moguću opasnost od slučajnog trovanja u odnosu na estetiku. Po meni bi uvijek trebali izabrati sigurnost. Zabilježeni su slučajevi trovanja samo udisanjem isparenja tokom vrućih ljetnjih dana ako se osoba nalazi blizu osobito bujne biljke. Takva trovanja su rijetko fatalna ali mogu izazvati dosta problema otrovanoj osobi jer se takva osoba iracionalno ponaša, može halucinirati ili se jednostavno onesvijestiti a u takvim uslovima povrede čak i ozbiljne su dosta česte.

To get back to this interesting plant, it is very risky to keep this plant for ornamental purposes, because there is always a risk of accidental poisoning. My opinion is that you should chose some other, less dangerous plant. There are known cases of poisoning just by inhaling poisonous fumes during hot Summer days if person happens to be to close to one of those lush plants. Those poisonings are rarely fatal but it can cause a mountain of problems to the victim due to irrational behavior, possible hallucinations or just plain fainting, all of which can cause injures.

Ovo je izuzetno lijepa ali i strahovito opasna biljka sa kojom se treba rukovati sa velikim oprezom.

This is a most beautiful but extremely dangerous plant and anybody who owns one should handle it with utmost care.