Karl Popper, Science, and Pseudoscience: Crash Course Philosophy #8

Why The War on Drugs Is a Huge Failure

Everything We Think We Know About Addiction Is Wrong

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ao8L-0nSYzg


Ovo je odličan video sa Youtube kanala: In a Nutshell – Kurzgesag

This is an excellent video from Youtube channel: In a Nutshell – Kurzgesag

Tamna strana Mjeseca / Dark side of the Moon

Mnogi teoretičari zavjera, kada govore o Mjesecu (pogotovu kada govore o tajnim vanzemaljskim bazama čije postojanje NASA "krije" od javnosti, a oni su tu da nam kažu "istinu") vole upotrebljavati termin "tamna ili mračna strana Mjeseca".

Many conspiracy theorist love to use term "dark side of the Moon" especially when talking about secret alien moon bases, whom NASA knows about but keeps it a secret from public and those conspiracy theorists are the only ones bringing us the "truth".

Međutim mračna strana Mjeseca ne postoji u prirodi. Mjesec se okreće oko svoje ose i samim time mračna i osvjetljena strana mjeseca se uvjek mjenjaju po istom principu kao dan i noć na Zemlji. Do duše mjesečev dan je puno duži od zemaljskog i traje 29.5 zemaljskih dana. Ovo je zbog toga što je Mjesec u plimskoj ravnoteži sa Zemljom i uvjek pokazuje istu stranu našoj planeti pa jedan njegov dan traje koliko i vrjeme trajanja obilaska oko naše planete.

But in reality dark side of the Moon do not exist. Moon rotates around its axis and therefore surface darkness changes as day passes in to the night. Granted, Moon day is much longer than the Earths and lasts 29.5 Earths days. This is because Moon is tidally locked with the Earth and its day lasts exactly long as its orbiting period around the Earth. Because of this we always see same side of the Moon.

Ovaj video objašnjava fenomen na razumljiv način. S druge strane Youtube kanal sa kojeg je uzet ovaj video sadrži hrpu zanimljivih činjenica o našem planetu, a koje toplo preporučujem da pogledate:  MinuteEarth,

This video explains this phenomenon in a comprehensible way. On the other hand this video is part of a very successful YouTube channel on which you can find a lot of interesting facts about our planet. Here is a link: MinuteEarth.

No, da se vratim na gore pomenuti termin. Pretpostavljam da se termin  koristi za opisivanje strane Mjeseca koja nije vidljiva direktno sa Zemlje. Međutim, pravi izraz za tu stranu je "dalja strana Mjeseca". Ako baš želite neku stranu Mjeseca nazvati tamnom stranom onda je za to bolji kandidat nama bliža strana koja izgleda puno tamnije od dalje zbog prisustva tvz mora ili velikih bazaltnih ravnica na površini.

But to go back to the offending term "dark side of the Moon". I suspect that, when using this term, conspiracy theorists think about the Far Side of the Moon which can not be seen from Earth. Yes, the correct term is "Far side of the Moon". If we rely want to use the term "dark side..." to one side of our moon than better candidate for it is the Near side of the Moon as it is much darker side (because of its lower albedo) from the two as it features dark patches on the surface called Marea, large dark basalt planes.

Na kaju, pretpostavljam da mnogi teoretičari zavljere vole koristiti ovaj pogrešni termin zbog prizvuka tajanstvenosti u pokušaju da daju neku legitimnost svojim nevjerovatnim tvrdnjama.

I suppose all those conspiracy theorists love to use this (wrong) term for the far side of the Moon because it sounds mysterious in a hope that their outlandish theories will get a bit more of legitimacy. 

Jedina legitimna upotreba ovog termina je naziv popularnog albuma Pink Floyd-a, The Dark Side of the Moon.

But the only legitimate use of this term I know about is the name of music album by Pink Floyd, The Dark Side of the Moon.

GMO panika (genetski modifikovani organizmi) / GMO panics (Genetically Modified Organisms)

Da bi znali koliko je GMO opasan treba razumjeti što je GMO. Prema mnogim napisanim komentarima po internetu jasno se vidi da ljudi jako ali jako malo znaju o tome.

To know to what level GMO products are hazardous, we need first to know what are GMOs. Looking through peoples comments on social networks I can say that general population knows very little about it.

Na primjer Monsantovi Roundap rezistentni usjevi nisu opasni sami po sebi. Genetski kod koji je njima dodat a čini ih izdržljivim prilikom Roundap djelovanja nije opasan opasno je nešto drugo što je nevezano za genetski inžinjering. Naime ratari često pretjeruju prilikom upotrebe Roundap herbicida upotrebljavajući mnogo veću dozu herbicida od dozvoljne jer znaju da će usjevi izdržati djelovanje što dovodi do toga da usjevi postaju toksični tim otrovom. Roundap u većim dozama je opasan otrov i prema nekim preliminarnim istraživanjima možda i kancerogen.

For example Monsanto Roundup resistant crops are not dangerous by them selves. Genetic variation in DNA which make those crops resistant to Roundup herbicide is not dangerous, it is just a DNA variation. The danger comes from the fact that farmers use Roundup herbicide in excess, outside recommended dosage making crops laced with this chemical to a dangerous level. Roundup is poisonous in large dosages as any other chemical and it might be a carcinogen as some studies suggest.

Zato se u zemljama EU zabranjuje upotreba Roundap herbicida a ne upotreba Roundap GMO usjeva.

Because of this Roundup herbicide is increasingly outlawed in EU countries but not GMO crops resistant to this pesticide.

Genetski kod (DNA) nije otrovan i bilo kakva promjena u njemu, prirodna ili vještačka neće utjecati na ljude, čak što više DNA je prirodni i važan dio hrane koju jedemo.

Genetic code (DNA) is not poisonous (it is a natural part of our diet) and any change in it, natural or not will not affect humans eating it.  

Ovo je primjer dobro zamišljenog GMO proizvoda, riža koja posjeduje gen koji proizvodi vitamin A (tvz zlatna riža), GMO koji pomaže u mnogim krajevima svjeta da se smanji manjak tog vitamina koji može dovesti do sljepila. 

This is an example of well thought out GMO produce, rice which have added gene for vitamin A to its DNA (Golden Rice) is a GMO crop which can be used in vitamin A deficient parts of the world to prevent serious health risks to the population like blindness for example which is one of symptoms of vitamin A deficiency.

Genetski modificirana hrana nije ništa drugačija od vještački selektiranih usjeva, samo se radi o preciznijoj i bržoj modifikaciji genetskog koda nego što se postiže vještačkom selekcijom.

Genetically modified foods are not much different from artificially selected crops it is just a faster and more efficient method to alter crops to our advantage as artificial selection is a lengthily and slow process (which can take hundred of years sometimes).

Sve ovisi koji se proizvod želi dobiti.

It is all about what we want to get.

Mi svaki dan unosimo veliku količinu DNA kroz našu hranu iz raznih izvora (mesa, biljaka itd). Svaka količina te hrane posjeduje gomilu genetskih mutacija koje nastaju prirodno, a GMO je tek minimalna količina promjena kada se sagleda cjelokupna količina DNK kojeg pojedemo dnevno i koji je prirodno mutiran. Genetski materijal u našoj hrani nije otrovan jer da jeste ljudi nebi mogli ništa jesti.

Every day we eat a considerable amount of DNA from diferent sources (meat and vegetables for example). All this food contains trillions of different mutations most of which are naturally occurring and GMO mutations are only a small fraction of all those. Genetic material in our food is not poisonous, if it was we couldn't eat anything.

U ovom videu se može vidjeti koliko DNA molekule ima u recimo jagodama (i usput kako možete sami početi sa genetskim inžinjeringom u vašoj kuhinji).

In this video you can see how much DNA you can find in a batch of strawberry's (and interestingly it shows also how to start your own genetic lab in your kitchen).

Mutacije unutar DNK ne mjenjaju značajnije njegovu hemijsku strukturu jer se radi o prirodnom polimeru (onaj ko se razumije u organsku hemiju zna od čega ovisi hemijska aktivnost polimera za ostale neka potraže na netu nešto stručniju literaturu).

Mutations inside DNA do not alter its chemical makeup in a drastic manner (changing its chemical reactivity) because DNA is a natural polymer. 

Onda u čemu je problem?

What is the problem than?

U stvari realna opasnost od GMO proizvoda je više suptilna nego direktna i odnosi se na ekonomiju, neetički pristup genetskim modifikacijama, određena opasnost po ekologiju i potencijal da se GMO koriste u ratne svrhe.

Well, the danger from GMO crops comes from a different source. it is all about economy, ethics,  environmental issues and very high potential of weaponizing this technology.

Patentiranje prirodno nastalih gena je u ovom slučaju je primjer neetičkog ponašanja gdje jedna kompanija (na primjer Monsanto) indentificira recimo gen za proizvodnju nekog vitamina te patentira taj gen te ga niko drugi ne može više koristiti bez da plaća autorske naknade toj kompaniji iako je taj gen nastao prirodno a nije stvoren u labaratoriji.

Example of unethical approach to GMO creation is patent practice where some corporations (Monsanto for example) file patent for discovered usefully genes (a vitamin generating genes for example) which have evolved naturally in some living spaces of animal or plant. That means that this gene can not be used by other parties without paying royalties. 

Otprilike to je slično kao kada bi neki muzičar stavio autorska prava na pjev ptica.

It is like if some musician would copyright a bird song.

Primjer upotrebe GMO kao oružja je posebno opasna mana ove tehnologije. GMO je relativno jednostavna tehnologija i samo prosječno opremljena labaratorija može izvoditi genetski inžinjering. Ovo znači da skoro svako sa malo znanja može proizvoditi GMO, to znači da teroristi ili neki prosječni luđak sa malo više specifičnog znanja, može teoretski proizvesti ubitačni GMO, na primjer GMO bolest, otrovni usjev ili neko drugo biološko oružje poput štetočina izdržljivih na insekticide.

Using GMO as a weapon is serious threat. GMO technology is relatively simple, any average equipped lab can preform genetic engineering. That means that any terror organisation or an average lunatic with a bit of knowledge can theoretically create and disseminate dangerous GMOs. Example are poisonous foods, GMO diseases or pests resistant to pesticides.

Uvođenje GMO usjeva može i hoće poremetiti ekološki poredak područja u kome je zasađen ukrštanjem sa prirodno evoluiranim vrstama, narušavajući prirodnu ravnotežu područja. Ovo može izazvati evolutivnu trku između različitih vrsta i izumiranje organizama koji ne mogu da sustignu GMO organizme i njihove potomke. Međutim ovo se događa prirodno i stalno i bez uticaja ljudi, takva je priroda evolucije. Pitanje je više etičke prirode, odnosno da li mi (ljudi) imamo pravo uticati u tolikoj mjeri na prirodan poredak.

Inserting GMO crops in an uncontrolled environment can and probably will disrupt ecological balance of that environment. GMO crops will interact and crossbreed with naturally evolved organisms disrupting the ecological balance and forcing evolutionary rebalance of the region, possibly forcing local extinction events of organisms which can not compete with GMO and its descendants. Keep in mind that this is not unheard off in nature, it happens all the time naturally as one spices takes over from another. This is more an ethical issue than a direct danger: Do we have (the people) the right to interfere with nature in such invasive way?

Ekonomske posljedice GMO tehnologije su dosta kompleksne ali se svode na to da firme koje se bave sa tom tehnologijom kroz svoje patente i proizvode mogu i hoće pokušati uspostaviti monopol nad proizvodnjom hrane i drugih proizvoda. Kompanija koja drži u svojim rukama proizvodnju hrane i ljekova drži cjeli svjet za muda. Primjer je primjena terminator sjemena (sjeme koje se može posijati samo jednom i ne može se razmnožavati dalje) uz pomoć kojeg kompanije mogu prisiliti farmere na ovisnost o tom sjemenu kroz pravne ili čisto ekonomske pritiske. Farmer je prisiljen kupovati samo to sjeme (zbog ekoloških zakona, kroz vezajuće ugovore ili jednostavno jer to sjeme daje superijorniji proizvod) i na taj način kompanija dobija direktnu kontrolu nad proizvodnjom. Zanimljivo terminator sjeme je u stvari prvenstveno pokušaj da se rješi ekološki uticaj GMO na okoliš jer sprječava širenje GMO usjeva u okolinu zbog nesposobnosti tih GMO da se razmnožavaju.

Economy consequences of GMO are a bit complicated but it all boils down to an attempt of huge GMO companies to corner the production of food and other GMO products (like medicine) and assert a monopoly through means of laws, patenting, binding contracts and similar. Company who holds monopoly over production of food, holds entire World to his balls (it holds all of us hostage). The examples are terminator seeds (seeds which produce crops but ca not procreate further), the company, producer of those seeds can force farmers to use it through law or economy pressures. Farmer is compelled to use those seeds (because of some environmental laws, through binding contracts, or just the product delivered through those seeds is superior to any other) and thus through those seeds company gains direct control over production of the crop. Interestingly enough Terminator Seeds were developed not for the financial gain but to limit ecological impact of GMO because those GMOs wouldn't be able to spread outside designated areas and interact with wild environment disturbing the ecology.

Na kraju / At the end

GMO je jedan od najkorisnijih tehnoloških napredaka u modernoj povjesti, međutim izgleda kao da je to napredak ispred svog vremena i ljudsko društvo još ne zna kako se postaviti prema tome odgovorno jer ne postoje jasni pravni okviri koji reguliraju tu praksu i zloupotrebe su jako česte. Ne samo to, mediji vole napuhati problem i sijati paniku zarad gledanosti time samo nadodavajući na već postojeću paniku. Radi se o novoj tehnologiji koju većina ljudi ne razumije i strah od toga je razumljiv, pomalo liči na strah od neizmjenične struje koji je vladao u Americi tokom rata struja između Edisona i Tesle kada je Edison svjesno širio laži o opasnostima neizmjenične struje.

GMO is one of the biggest advancement in technology in recent years but it looks to me that it happen a bit before its time. Our society is not yet clear how to react to it responsibly. Clear legal boundaries still do not exist to regulate this emerging and important technology and abuse is rampant. Not only that, general population is very much misinformed with bombastic claims and wrong facts. Media as usual just fuels this mistrust with misinformation and fueling the panic all of it in an unethical attempt to boast its relevance and thus revenues. It is a new technology and suspicion of an average citizen is called for, it has some parallels with big fear from alternate current during electric current war between Tesla and Edison in the beginning of 20th century when Edison did spread lies about AC being dangerous. 

GMO je budućnost sa potencijalom da iskorjeni mnoge bolesti i eliminiše glad u svjetu ali izgleda da većina ljudi još nije spremna razumno prihvatiti tu tehnologiju. Mnogi je se boje iz neznanja, a mnogi vide samo dolare ispred oči i primjenjuju monopolističke i pravne začkoljice ne bi li se obogatili preko noći i ponašaju se neetički prema tehnologiji koja ima ogroman potencijal (bilo kudeći ili promovirajući je). Obadvije strane u argumentu se ponašaju neetički i protiv općeg interesa svih građana.

GMO has potential to revolutionize production of food to even eliminate hunger worldwide and wipe out many diseases which plague our society, but it looks like that many of us are not ready to accept this technology in reasonable way. A lot of us are afraid because we have wrong information's and many other only see potential dollar signs floating around ($$$$$$$$) and use all monopolistic and legal loopholes to achieve their goals. Both sides of argument (pro and counter) are behaving unethically and against public interest.

GMO je korisna i opasna tehnologija, poput nuklearne zavisno kako se koristi. Kao što se od uranijuma može napraviti korisni reaktor koji napaja čitavu državu energijom tako se može napraviti i razorna bomba koja može razoriti neku manju državu. Tako i GMO može nahraniti čitavo čovječanstvo da više nikad ne bude gladi i bjede isto tako u rukama luđaka, genetski modifikovana bolest može istrjebiti čovječanstvo.

GMO technology is dangerous as it is useful, like nuclear technology. We can use Uranium for example to build a reactor to give power to a small country or we can build a bomb and destroy that country. Similarly with GMO we can feed entire human population and send hunger in history books where it only belongs or we can make a GMO weapon and erase humanity from the face of the Earth.

U principu GMO je nuklearna tehnologija našeg vremena, u potpunosti neutralan napredak nauke i na kraju kao i uvjek sve ovisi samo o ljudima.

In a principle, GMO is nuclear technology of our time, it is neutral as any other scientific progress, in the end it all falls on us to decide what to do with it.

Philae se ponovo javio / Philae has awoken

Wanderers - a short film by Erik Wernquist

Kratki film krcat inspiracije / A short film full of inspiration.



Wanderers - a short film by Erik Wernquist from Erik Wernquist on Vimeo.

Lansiranje Oriona / Launch of Orion

Broadcast live streaming video on Ustream


Lansiranje Oriona, prvog pravog svemirskog broda koji će ljudsku posadu ponovo odvesti na Mjesec ali takođe i na asteroide u bliskom prolasku pokraj Zemlje i možda na Mars.

Launch of NASA Orion, first real space ship which will take human crews back to Moon and also to NEO asteroids and maybe to Mars.

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UPDATE:

Lansiranje je kancelirano za danas. U svakom slučaju sjutra će biti novi pokušaj u isto vrijeme. Postojao je cijeli niz manjih problema danas, od vremenskih uslova do raznih alarma sa rakete koji su spriječili lansiranje. U svakom slučaju sjutra je novi dan i nadam se da će imati više sreće.

So, the launch was canceled for today. A range of alarms and weather conditions had plagued this launch window so ultimatly it was postponed for tomorrow. Anyway see ya all  same time tomorrow and hope for better luck.

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UPDATE:

Za one koji nisu pratili lansirenje direktno, evo videa sa NASAKennedy kanala na Youtube.

For all those whom didn't follow the launch live, here is clip of it from NASAKennedy Youtube channel.

Četvrti dan na kometi, Philae spava / 4th day on a comet, Philae is asleep

Čitavu noć je trajala borba da se mali lander održi u funkcij i izvuku podaci. Na žalost na kraju su baterije izdahnule ali ne prije nego li su svi podaci izvučeni, mali lander spava, barem za sada. Međutim nekoliko bitnih komandi je uspiješno poslato landeru prije nego li su se baterije potrošile i možemo očekivati da će nam se Philae javiti ponovo idućih mjeseci. Naime dvije bitne komande su uspiješno izvršene, lander se izdigao 4 cm i rotirao oko 35° što bi trebalo dati više energije sa solarnih panela. Međutim za sada čak ni ta količina energije nije dovoljna za funkciju i lander je prešao u hibernaciju. Zahvaljujući ovim manevrima za očekivati je da će se lander ponovo javiti i nastaviti sa istraživanjima kasnije, kada kometa priđe bliže Suncu.

The fight to keep little lander awake and to retrieve all the data lasted all night. Unfortunately on the end the batteries went empty and little lander went asleep but not before all data was retrieved. Philae is asleep, for now. A set of successful commands were sent to the lander to lift the body for 4 cm and turn for 35°. Those moves will give the lander a bit more of the sunlight to operate, but not now, later, when comet comes closer to the Sun, Philae might receive enough energy to resume its work, to collect data from the comet and send it back home.

Mjesto prvog spuštanja Philae landera,
zeleni kružić predstavlja mjesto predviđenog spuštanja
 od strane tima koji je upravljao spuštanjem
Place of first touchdown of Philae,
green circle represent the predicted spot
of landing by the Earth team.

Iako je lander radio samo 3 dana, planirana misija je obavljena, Philae je uspio izvršiti planirani niz eksperimenata i svi podaci su poslati na Zemlju samo nekoliko minuta prije hibernacije u bukvalno filmskoj napetosti u sjedištu operacija u Njemačkoj.

The lander operated only for 3 days but planed mission was successful. Philae managed to preform planed chain of experiments and send data back to Earth, just minutes before he run out of power in what seemed like movie tension back in OPS on Earth in Germany.

Nevjerovatna avantura malog landera je trenutno pauzirana ali po svemu sudeći nije završena.

The incredible adventure of this small lander is over for now but not ended.

Što se sve izdogađalo? / What we all witnessed all this days?

Teško je napraviti rezime, sve se izdogađalo tako brzo i frenetično. Philae je doživio kvar i nije se uspješno usidrio na kometi. Međutim ono što se dogodilo tokom spuštanja niko nije očekivao. Philae je odskočio sa površine, prvo jednom i taj skok je trajao više sati i išao u visinu skoro 1 kilometar, (novi rekord u skokovima) zatim je odskočio drugi put i taj skok je trajao 7 minuta da bi na kraju se smirio u podnožju litice obližnjeg kratera.

It is difficult to give a full resume, all of it happen so fast in a frantic sequence of events with nerve wracking ups and downs, there was joy, happy crying and probably a lot of cursing (although i don't have any evidence of cursing I just assume it). Philae had a malfunction and failed to anchor on the comet. What happen next nobody expected. The lander bounced of surface, once, that bounce lasted few hours and brought up the lander 1 km (0.6 mile) above surface, (the highest jump ever preformed, a new record, anybody?) than it jumped again and that jump lasted for 7 minutes before he came to rest near a cliff of nearby crater.

Međutim tokom prvog dodira sa površinom lander je automatski ušao u istraživački mod i počeo ispitivati površinu. Ovo znači da su naučnici na zemlji dobili podatke sa ne jednog mjesta sletanja već sa tri kao i podatke iz preleta. Trenutno svi ti podaci su uspiješno primljeni na Zemlji i u fazi su proučavanja.

But at the first touchdown the lander went in to science mode and started collecting data from surface. This means that scientists got date from not one but three landing sites as also all the data during the unexpected jumps. At the moment all those data have been received back on Earth and are already in scientist hands.

My science team eagerly looking into the data I collected at another day on the comet! pic.twitter.com/1S2do55XPQ

— Philae Lander (@Philae2014) November 14, 2014

Fotografija koja pokazuje kako baterije otkazuju
Photo of batteries failing

Na žalost finalni položaj landera pokraj litice nije dobar jer drži u sjenci lander veći dio kometskog dana. Ovo znači da se lander morao ograničiti na trošenje unutarnjih baterija da obavi ostala istraživanja.

Unfortunately the final touchdown place was far from optimal as the nearby cliff keeps most of the sunlight out of react to little lander and Philae is in shadow most of the comets day. This means that Philae had to use its internal batteries to preform its duties.

I pored toga lander je uspio obaviti čitavu primarnu sekvenciju ispitivanja, radeći besprijekorno do posljednjeg wata raspoložive energije i sve je to poslao na Zemlju.

Against this hard adversity the lander managed to preform its primary science sequence, working without a glitch through all of it, to the last watt of available energy and send all the results back home.

I'm running out of energy quite fast now... look at the scientists watching how my energy status is going down! pic.twitter.com/nHFpRPGNzD
— Philae Lander (@Philae2014) November 14, 2014

Ovo je quote sa službenog bloga: / This is a quote from official blog which is covering the mission:

http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Pioneering_Philae_completes_main_mission_before_hibernation

15 November 2014

Rosetta’s lander has completed its primary science mission after nearly 57 hours on Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. 

After being out of communication visibility with the lander since 09:58 GMT / 10:58 CET on Friday, Rosetta regained contact with Philae at 22:19 GMT /23:19 CET last night. The signal was initially intermittent, but quickly stabilised and remained very good until 00:36 GMT / 01:36 CET this morning. 

In that time, the lander returned all of its housekeeping data, as well as science data from the targeted instruments, including ROLIS, COSAC, Ptolemy, SD2 and CONSERT. This completed the measurements planned for the final block of experiments on the surface.

 Ovo znači da je Philae i pored nedaća uspiješno obavio cijeli svoj primarni zadatak i poslao podatke nazad i sada naučnici imaju čitav niz novih informacija o kometi koji će biti proučavani idućih dana.

ROLIS, COSAC, Ptolemy, SD2 i CONSERT su nazivi eksperimenata i mjerenja koje je Philae obavio tokom ovih 3 dana avanture, a oni znače:

ROLIS, COSAC, Ptolemy, SD2 and CONSERT are names of experiments and measurements taken by Philae during this few days of its adventure and those mean:

1. ROLIS: Rosetta Lander Imaging System, CCD kamera visoke rezolucije koja je snimala panoramu i tokom spuštanja.

2. COSAC: COmetary SAmpling and Composition, gasni hromatograf i maseni spektrometar odnosno kombinacija uređaja za analizu uzoraka iz okolnog terena. Ovo znači da je philae uspješno izbušio površinu komete i ispitao uzorke iz tla.

3. Ptolemy: Mjerač stabilnih izotopa u uzorku, odnosno uređaj koji će dati odgovor dali su naši oceani porijeklom sa kometa (odnosno možda najbitniji razlog slanja ove cijele misije)

4. SD2: Drill, Sample, and Distribution subsystem, odnosno kratko prevedeno bušilica je odradila svoj zadatak perfektno, da buši onamo gdje niko nikada nije bušio.

5. CONSERT: COmet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radiowave Transmission experiment, odnosno radarski odjek sa Rozeta sonde u orbiti kroz tijelo komete kojeg prima Philae koji mapira unutrašnju strukturu komete.

1. ROLIS: The Rosetta Lander Imaging System is a CCD camera which takes pictures of its surroundings and panorama.

2. COSAC: The COmetary SAmpling and Composition instrument is a combined gas chromatograph and time-of-flight mass spectrometer to perform analysis of soil samples and determine the content of volatile components.

3. Ptolemy: An instrument measuring stable isotope ratios of key volatiles on the comet's nucleus, essencilay this is one of the main scopes of this mission, this instrument is used to determinate if water on Earth comes from comets.

4. SD2: Drill, Sample, and Distribution subsystem, well the name says it all, it is the drill and it did its job, To drill where no man has drilled before.

5. CONSERT: The COmet Nucleus Sounding Experiment by Radio-wave Transmission experiment is using electromagnetic wave propagation to determine the comet's internal structure. A radar on Rosetta will transmit a signal through the nucleus to be received by a detector on Philae.

Na žalost nekoliko drugih eksperimenata nije obavljeno poput, APXS, ÇIVA, MUPUS, ROMAP i SESAME koji ovise o kontinuiranom radu landera. Međutim ovo ne znači da se ta ispitivanja neće uraditi s obzirom da postoji velika šansa da se Philae aktivira kada kometa dođe bliže Suncu i kada solarni paneli dobiju dovoljno energije. Opis ovih eksperimenata možete naći na stranici wikipedije posvećene Philae landeru: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft).

Unfortunately some of planed experiments couldn't be done such as APXS, ÇIVA, MUPUS, ROMAP i SESAME because all of those depend on the continuous operation of the lander with steady power supply. But that does not mean that those experiments will not be done in some future time as there is a big chance that lander will wake up when the comet comes close to the Sun and solar panels receive enough power. The description of all this experiments zou can find on Wikipedia page deditacted to Philae: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft).

Sve u svemu, ova frenetična 3 dana su bili možda najuspiješnija 3 dana u istoriji evropskih svemirskih istraživanja, dobivena je gomila podataka koji će biti predmet proučavanja dolazećih godina. 

I ne zaboravimo najvažnije, spustili smo se na jebenu kometu!!!

All in all, those 3 frantic days were maybe the most successful days in history of European space program, we receives a flood of new data which will be researched for many years to come.

And do not forget peeps we actually landed on a freaking comet!!!

My #lifeonacomet has just begun @ESA_Rosetta. I'll tell you more about my new home, comet #67P soon… zzzzz #CometLanding
— Philae Lander (@Philae2014) November 15, 2014

Pogledajte posljednje dramatične trenutke iz kontrolne sobe onako kako su predstavljeni na Twitteru dok naučnici posmatraju posljednje wate energije koji nestaju iz landera:

Check the last dramatic moments from the OPS as shown through Twitter feed as scientists observe last watts of energy seeping away from lander batteries.

https://twitter.com/Philae2014
https://twitter.com/ESA_Rosetta
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Pioneering_Philae_completes_main_mission_before_hibernation

Treći dan na kometi / 3rd day on a comet

Prije nekoliko minuta preko Twitter-a je službeno najavljena nova press konferencija o rozeta misiji. Konferencija će se održati 14 Novembra (danas) u 13:00 GMT. Postoji i Google+ event kojemu se možete pridružiti na idućem linku:

https://plus.google.com/events/c78o050l93ub7cm4kcoltjnt424

Before few minutes was officially announced via Twitter a new media briefing about Rosetta Mission. The press conference will be held on 14th November (today) at 13:00 GMT. Also associated with this press conference a Google+ event exist so you can join if you want. The link follows:

https://plus.google.com/events/c78o050l93ub7cm4kcoltjnt424

Ja ću kao i obično pratiti cijeli događaj kao i ostale izvore informacija i ažurirati ovaj post prema potrebi.

I will as usual follow this event and update this blog post with all relevant and new information I find around using all news sources I have access to.

Samo da dodam evo zanimljive slike koja prikazuje mjesto sletanja onako kako ga vidi sonda Rozeta

Just to add, here is an interesting photo which shows the landing site as seen from Rosetta probe

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Update 1


Uprvavo je velika novost izašla na Twetter preko naloga: https://twitter.com/Philae2014. Druga velika novost je da sam upravo naučio da mogu embed tweet i da ne moram uzimati screenshot. Svi mi učimo po nešto iz svega ovoga :D.

Just this moment big news have come out from Tweet account: https://twitter.com/Philae2014. The other news is that i just learned how to embed tweets in blog directly. All of us will learn a lot from this events :D

Ali da ne duljim, evo ga Tweet:
But I digress, here is the Tweet:

Last night MUPUS hammered the penetrator into the ground. APXS also got to work! My team is currently checking how they did #CometLanding
— Philae Lander (@Philae2014) November 14, 2014

Što ovo znači? Ovo znači da Philae nije u previše problematičnom položaju čim može izvršiti bušenje površine. kako su to izveli vjerovatno će objasniti na konferenciji za štampu. Ja lično jedva prije čekam.

What does this mean? Well it seems that Philae is not in to much precarious position as they can drill the surface of the comet. How they did it at the moment it is unknown but surely it will be explained during media briefing. I surely can`t wait.

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Update 2

Kometa koja pjeva / Singing comet

O čemu se radi?

Oko komete postoji slabo magnetsko polje koje se sudara sa sunčevim vjetrom što izaziva vibraciju ioniziranih atoma u razrijeđenoj komi komete (kometska atmosfera). Ovo stvara vibrirajući zvuk koji se može detektovati dovoljno osjetljivim instrumentima. Međutim ovaj zvik je preslab i veoma niske frekfencije tako da je za potrebe ovog klipa ubrzan i pojačan oko 10000 puta. Astronomi su bili poprilično iznenađeni ovim otkrićem jer se smatralo da je magnetsko polje kometa preslabo da izazove ovaj efekat. Sada treba otkriti odakle potiče ovakvo mjerljivo magnetno polje jer se smatralo da ga komete ne mogu imati.

Detale možete naći u ovom članku: http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/11/11/the-singing-comet/

What is all about?

Around this comet a very weak magnetic field exist which interacts with solar wind causing ionized gas from comets coma (comets atmosphere) to vibrate. This forms a sort of vibrating sound which can be detected with sufficiently sensitive equipment. This sound is to week to be normally heard so to make this audible clip the vibration was accelerated and intensified to come in to human audible range for about 10000 times. it was a pretty big discovery as scientist thought that comets have to weak magnetic field to produce this kind of effect. Now they must figure out a good explanation to explain how a small comet like this can generate such measurable magnetic field.

Details you can find in this article: http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/11/11/the-singing-comet/

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Update 3 

Hangout link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Xm6y0LzlLo#t=42



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Update 4, last for today

Iz svega što je rečeno danas iz raznig izvora i uključujući gore linkovani hangout, može se zaključiti da je radni vijek landera pri kraju zbog potrošenih baterija. Na žalost pozicija na kojoj se lander našao ne dozvoljava solarnim panelima da prikupe dovoljno svjetlosti da proizvedu dovoljnu količinu energije za rad. Večeras će biti moguće posljednji kontakt sa landerom ako ga u opće bude. S druge strane postoji mogućnost da se lander probudi sam od sebe kada kometa priđe Suncu i nastavi sa radom kako se zračenje sa sunca bude povećavalo i kometa bude postajala sve aktivnija. Trenutno lander buši i uzima uzorke iz tla i svi se nadaju da će imati dovoljno energije da obavi posao i pošalje rezultate nazad na Zemlju, večeras, prije nego li baterije konačno izdahnu.

From all news found today, including the above hangout, we can assume that lander is about to run out of power soon, maybe even tonight. unfortunately the lander solar panels are not receiving enough radiation to produce enough power to power the small craft. Tonight will probably be the last contact with lander before batteries run out of power assuming that lander has enough power to do even that. There is hope that the lander will reactivate at later time as comet approaches the Sun and solar panels receive more light from it. At the moment lander is taking soil samples and everybody hopes that it will have enough power to analyse it and send data home.

Back to work! I’m now drilling into the surface of #67P… I’ll give you updates as soon as I can! #CometLanding
— Philae Lander (@Philae2014) November 14, 2014

S druge strane ako se uspije uspostaviti kontakt večeras, naučnici planiraju poslati komande landeru da obavi neke funkcije u pokušaju da se izvuče iz "rupe" u koju se uvalio i izloži solarne panele Suncu i tako produži svoj radni vijek. Ali to će biti riskantan potez jer lander na kometi teži jedva 1 gram pošto je gravitacija komete veoma slaba (oko 100 000 puta slabija nego na Zemlji) tako da takav manevar može imati nepredvidljive posljedice.

On the other hand, if mission control manages to make contact with lander tonight, they are planing to send a set of commands to try to make the craft dig it self out from the "dark hole" and expose it`s solar panels to the Sun. In any case this will be a risky maneuver because the weight of the lander is just about 1 gr (0.035 ounce) as gravity pull of the comet is minuscule (100 000 times lower than Earths) and this can cause unpredictable effects.

Međutim uzbudljivi period ove misije tek predstoji. Naime kometa se približava Suncu i pravo istraživanje tek predstoji, kako se komet bude budio pod uticajem zračenja i formirao gustu komu dok gasovi iz jezgre budu izbijali na površinu. Najbliži prolaz Suncu kometa 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko će imati u Avgustu 1915 godine tako da će najveći dio istraživanja ove komete biti urađen upravo u tom periodu. Ako sve prođe kako treba biti ćemo svjedoci stvaranja gejzira na površini kometa kako voda i zamrznuti ugljendioksid budu sublimirali stvarajući komu (kometsku atmosferu). Mnogi veliki izazovi tek predstoje kako se goleme količine gasa i prašine budu oslobađale sa površine. Ovo će biti tek pravi ispit za našu tehnologiju, da li će sonda izdržati i uspijeti se održati u tom divljem okruženju uzavrele komete?

Fotografija Halejeve komete sa sonde Giotto
Photo of the Halley comet nucleus by probe Giotto

But after all the most important period of this mission is not the landing of Philae (although it was historic event and milestone in space technology) but the comets approach closer to the Sun. The real science will start only then as comet wakes up from cold slumber and starts boiling off the water and carbon dioxide forming a vast coma around nucleus. 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko will be closest to the Sun only in August 2015 and we can expect big changes on the surfaces and a lot of science coming from Rosetta, giant geysers outgassing from surface and a lot of activity, as gas and dust envelop the Rosetta probe. Some real challenges to our technology are still ahead. Will the probe be strong enough to survive the wild environment of a boiling comet?

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